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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 205
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200 Norwegian People in America into Norwegian in 1847 and the United States Constitution, in 1854. He wanted the Norwegian people quickly to become Amer- icanized and 'Anglicized. Hans Andreas Stub was a much-beloved pastor, whose name is still a household word. Adolph Carl Preus was an...
Show more200 Norwegian People in America into Norwegian in 1847 and the United States Constitution, in 1854. He wanted the Norwegian people quickly to become Amer- icanized and 'Anglicized. Hans Andreas Stub was a much-beloved pastor, whose name is still a household word. Adolph Carl Preus was an energetic president of the Norwegian Synod during many trying years, 1853—1862. Nils O. Brandt was the first pioneer pastor west of the Missisisppi, a teacher at Luther College, 1865—1882, and a man of long and inspiring influence. His wife, nee Didrikke Ot- tesen, was a wonderful mother in Israel, of blessed memory. She never tired in behalf of students at Luther College; thousands enjoyed her hospitality. Hundreds of the great Norwegians, as well as those not so famous, have had their stockings darned and their pantaloons mended by this kind woman and her ladies’ l’. A. Rasmussen Knud Henderson L. M. Biorn aids. ller brother, Jakob :\all Ottesen, was one of the most learned of the early pastors. Herman Amberg Preus was the man who reorganized the Norwegian Synod and commanded it through thick and thin, from 1862 to 1894. And those were strenuous days, with doctrinal controversies and practical problems every day. Ulrik Vilhelm Koren, pastor at Washington Prairie, Iowa, 1853~1910, succeeded Preus as president of the Norwegian Synod, 1894—1910. A staunch Lutheran, a learned scholar, an ex— cellent writer, a wise administrator, mighty in debate, inspiring in his contacts with men. Ole J. Hatlestad added much to our knowledge of pioneer conditions by his “Historiske Meddelelser” (Historical Communications) based on 40 years’ experience as church worker, a man among men. Peter Andreas Rasmussen, at first a disciple of Eielsen, then a member of the Norwegian Synod, then, again, a leader among the Anti-Missourians who fought the Norwegian Synod, and finally, one of the organizers of the United Norwegian Lutheran Church. Pastor at Lisbon. 111., 1854-96; president of Lisbon Seminary, 1855—56; founder of the Lisbon Norwegian Lutheran Society for the Publication of Norwegian School Books and Devotional Literature, 1856; pub—
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 501
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The American Period 503 19. THE NORWEGIAN HOME The home is the most important and fundamental institution in society viewed from almost any angle—language, morals, re— ligion, education, work, amusement, thrift, generosity, ambition, patriotism, etc. God save the home! It was instituted in...
Show moreThe American Period 503 19. THE NORWEGIAN HOME The home is the most important and fundamental institution in society viewed from almost any angle—language, morals, re— ligion, education, work, amusement, thrift, generosity, ambition, patriotism, etc. God save the home! It was instituted in Paradise, and, in spite of man’s fall, God in His infinite goodness and wisdom has let man keep and maintain this institution down through the ages. The vexing problems of society are all solved in the home, particularly the Christian home: When Jesus enters meek and lowly, To fill the home with sweetest peace, When hearts have felt His blessing holy And found from sin complete release, Then light and calm within shall reign, And hearts divided love again. The influence of a Christian home is well illustrated in the study of the pastor’s home. Luther in 1525, 400 y *ars ago, by his Maren \Nasboe Iverson (1822-1924), Kenyon, Minn, Knitting. Took care of Rev. J. A. Bergh at his Baptism. \Vove him a carpet when she was 100 years old. marriage, restored to the consciousness of the world the place of the home in society. Since his day clergymen of all denominations except the Roman Catholic have had the privilege of establishing homes, and their homes have as a rule felt the influence of Chris- tianity more than the average home. What has been the result? The result has been that the parsonages have furnished a larger percentage of ministers and other church workers than any other source. But that is not all. Every general encyclopedia shows that the sons of clergymen distinguish themselves relatively in greater numbers than men from any other profession. Just one citation—There is one preacher to every 327 breadwinners, but there is one famous preacher’s son to every eight distinguished Americans. From 16 per cent to 20 per cent of the great men in the world are preachers’ sons. Even among the millionaires over 30 per cent are preachers’ sons. The reason is plain: The Christian instruction and example of the home have left their impress for good and the fact that the parsonage is the center of a community,
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 222
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The Norwegian. Period 217 the Illinois and Northern Illinois synods. The English members of these synods were not particularly concerned about the Scandi— navians and their need of men to teach and preach in the Scandi— navian tongues. They elected men of prominence in state politics, to...
Show moreThe Norwegian. Period 217 the Illinois and Northern Illinois synods. The English members of these synods were not particularly concerned about the Scandi— navians and their need of men to teach and preach in the Scandi— navian tongues. They elected men of prominence in state politics, to membership on their board of trustees, good men withal, but most of them non—Lutherans. Even Abraham Lincoln was a patron of the school, gave of his money to its support, and sent his son Robert to study there for a number of years, 1853-1859. A let- ter from Robert Lincoln to the author testifies that it was a good school. The school had a faculty of about 10 men. In 1852 the attendance was 79' in the academy, and 3 in the college; in 1858 it was 101 in the academy, 41 in the college, and 4 in the seminary. Only boys in attendance. In 1853 there were ~ seven Norwegians in attendance: Abra— 1411's P- ESbj¢““ ham Jacobson, Decorah, Iowa; John G. Johnson, Decorah; Knud Knudson, Mission Point, Illinois; Nelson Lawson, Chicago; Lars H. Norem, Chicago; Chris- tian Olson, Chicago ;_ and P. H. Peterson, Clay, La Salle County, Illinois. . Most of the students were in attendance because the school was near at hand. In 1852, 77 per cent of the students came from Springfield; in 1859, 63 per cent. Abraham Jacobson, whose daughter Helga is wife of Dr. L. W. Boe, president of St. Olaf College, the largest Norwegian college in America, was the first Norwegian student at the University. The first Swede to enroll was A. Andreen, the father of Dr. G. A. Andreen, pres— ident of Augustana College, Rock Island, the largest Swedish .school in America. The courses were standard. The college had four years of Greek and Latin and mathematics through calculus, no subject elective. The financial support came mainly from the constituent congregations. The school stranded in 1867 on ac- count of the withdrawal of the Scandinavians in 1860 and the lack of sufficient support by the remaining congregations. The buildings in 1874 became the property of the Missouri Synod, which has since that date conducted there the Concordia Theolo— gical Seminary. c. Lisbon Smninary, 1855—1856 The second Norwegian synod to establish a higher school was the Eielsen. It is known as the Lisbon Seminary and was located at Lisbon, Illinois. It had only one teacher, Rev. P. A. Rasmus- sen, the Lisbon pastor. Rasmussen had arrived in America in 1850, a bright 21 year-old youth. He came directly to Muskego
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 440
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442 Norwegian People in America through his life a plain, hard—working farmer. . . . There was then no other country in the world, there is now no consider— able country where equal mental alertness has been applied to soil as to trade and industry.” Walker goes on to show that the saying ...
Show more442 Norwegian People in America through his life a plain, hard—working farmer. . . . There was then no other country in the world, there is now no consider— able country where equal mental alertness has been applied to soil as to trade and industry.” Walker goes on to show that the saying “necessity is the mother of invention,” is better illustrated here than in any other land. “Invention is a normal function of the American brain. The American in v e n t s as the Greek chiseled, as the Vene- tian painted, as the modern Italian sings.” In this feature of Ameri- canism the Norwegians have from the start been like unto their English brethren, and they have helped in no small measure to i m p r 0 v e the known tools of husbandry and to invent new ones. The axe, the spade, the shovel, the plow, the wagon, the thresher, and a hundred and one other implements have been improved in their hands, so that these tools have become marvels of combined efficiency, lightness and strength. The T. G. Mandt and Stoughton wagons and sleds, for ex- ample, have never been excelled. T. G. Mandt invented these and manufactured them. The Vea Brothers and the Moline Plow Co. continued to manufacture them after his death. John P. Johnson (Moen), Litchfield, Minn, invented the first twine binder, or self binder, in 1877. His patent was in— fringed upon, his rights stolen. Ole J. Glas¢e, a black— smith at Lanesboro, Minn., early saw the need of a plow " * ‘ that would run lighter, and The Firs ulky Plow invented the first sulky plow in the world. The number of his patent is 164,727, dated June 22, 1875. He began to manufacture the sulky plow, and so did other concerns. He had no money to carry on lawsuits, and so his patent did not protect his rights. John Juel, Canton, S. D.‘, a farmer and thresher, found that he could no longer feed his machine by hand, so he invented a self feeder and started a factory at Larehwood, Ia. His patent number was 474,254, granted May 3, 1892, the first self feeder in the world. He soon learned that other factories were making use of his models, but he was unable to check the infringements. A Stoughton Wagon
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 431
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The American Period 431 169 children in 67 boarding homes, where they are kept at a price until called for. It has seven juvenile court attendants, 15 city and hospital missions, with 24 workers in 15 cities. Rev. Helge H¢verstad first advocated the plan of placing children in homes rather than in...
Show moreThe American Period 431 169 children in 67 boarding homes, where they are kept at a price until called for. It has seven juvenile court attendants, 15 city and hospital missions, with 24 workers in 15 cities. Rev. Helge H¢verstad first advocated the plan of placing children in homes rather than in orphanages. Rev. H. B. Kildahl is the secretary of the board of charities of the Norwegian Lutheran Church. Rescue Homes The Norwegian Lutheran Church has three rescue homes for girls—Minneapolis, Fargo and Sioux Falls. In 1924 these cared for 242 adults and 216 infants. HOSPICES AND INNS Seamen’s Home, Boston, Mass, 1911, O. Nielsen Luth. Home of Mercy, San Francisco, Cal, 1021, Bertha J. Braestad Seamen’s Mission, San Francisco, Cal., 1870, Ole Gr¢nsherg Norway House, Brooklyn, N. Y., 1923, 1’. (A. Birkelo Seamen’s Mission, Seattle, \Vash., 1907. E. B. Slettedahl Seamen's Mission, Galveston, Tex., 1910, Johan Olsen Norw. Emigrant Mission, New York, N. Y., 1865, Iver Tharaldsen Siloah Scand. Mission, Seattle, \Vash., 1907, R. J. Berge Luther Home, Minneapolis, Minn., 1904, F. A. Scliafiiiit 10 Hospice for Young \\’omen, Minneapolis. .\linn., 1918. F. A. Schaflnit II Scand. Sailors’ Temp. House, Brooklyn, N. Y. 12 Girls’ Home, Evanston. Ill. 13 Girls’ Home, Seattle, \Vash. 14 Girls’ Home, Los Angeles, Cal. 15 Seamen’s Mission, Brooklyn, N. Y. 16 Seamen’s Mission, San Francisco, Cal. 17 Young W. Christian Horne, Brooklyn, N. Y. 18 Young W. Christian Home, Chicago, Ill. 19 Norw. Mission House; Boston, Mass. 20 Salem Y. M. Mission House, Chicago, Ill. \OOOVOU'l-IAMNH Nos. 1—11 are Lutheran; Nos. 12—16 are Methodist; Nos. 17 720 are Congregationalist. Sec’y Gustav Eide Mrs. Ulrikka F. Bruun Hon. E. E. Lobcck Minnesota Total Temperance and Temperance Orator Abstinence Assoc. Settlement Worker and Senator
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 548
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552 » Census of 1916, 367. 368. Census of 1920, 156. 157, 169, 174. 176. 177. 178, 181. 184, 185. 186. 188. 247. 249. 312. 813. 329. 330. 351-355. Centennial Committee of N. L. C., 5. 6, 7. 527. 531. “Centennial History of Norway. Oxford 00., Me.." 248. Centennials. 91. 119. 134. 305. 306, 308,...
Show more552 » Census of 1916, 367. 368. Census of 1920, 156. 157, 169, 174. 176. 177. 178, 181. 184, 185. 186. 188. 247. 249. 312. 813. 329. 330. 351-355. Centennial Committee of N. L. C., 5. 6, 7. 527. 531. “Centennial History of Norway. Oxford 00., Me.." 248. Centennials. 91. 119. 134. 305. 306, 308, 529. Central Europe, 305. Central Iowa Hospital, 432. Central Iowa Old People‘s Home, 433. Central Lutheran Church, Minneapolis, 435. Central Pacific R. R., 341. Central Wisconsin College. 379. Central Wisconsin Trust Co.. 335. Century 00.. 7, 82, 83. Chaldean Mission Society. 415. Challeux. 80. Chamberlain. Miss. 123. Champlain, Samuel. 80. 250. Channing. Edward, 65. Chant. 454. Chaplains, 480, 481. Charities, 426-433. 516—521. Charlemagne, 43, 83. Charles the Simple, of France, 43. Charles V of Germany, 207. Charles XIII of Sweden, 31. Charles XIV John of Sweden, 31. 105, 106. Charles XV of Sweden. 31. , Chase National Bank. 344. Chattanooga. Tenn., 184. Chautauqua, 532. Chehalis 00., Wash.. 245. Chelan Co., Wash.. 245. Cherokee. Iowa, 469. Chesapeake Country. Va., 69. Chicago. Illinois, 7. 62, 117, 128, 129, 132, 137, 139, 149, 150, 153, 154, 155, 169, 170. 183. 194, 195. 203, 207. 213. 217, 219. 224. 226. 244, 260. 264. 269. 270, 271. 280. 287, 288. 289. 290. 293. 297, 298, 305, 306. 307. 308, 326, 335. 336, 337. 338. 340, 341. 343. 344. 366. 369. 379. 386, 388. 390, 395. 398. 399, 400, 415. 419. 426, 427, 430, 431, 432. 433, 435. 444. 446, 447. 448. 450, 451, 454, 458, 460. 461. 462. 463. 464, 465, 466, 467, 468, 471, 473. 474. 476, 478. 479. 481. 487, 494, 496, 501. 510, 516, 518, 520, 522. 523, 529. 531, 535, 538. Chicago and Northwestern Railway, 335. 337. 340. Chicago Bible Society. 271. Chicago. Burlington and Quincy R. R., 340. “Chicago Daily News," 139. 154. 471. “Chicago Daily Tribune," 97. Chicago Deaconess Home, 270. 468. “Chicago Democrat." 137. 153. Chicago Exposition, 62. 305, 306, 307. 308. Chicago Great Western R. R., 337. 340, 343. Chicago Lutheran Bible School. 880, 388, 398, 537. Chicago. Milwaukee and Puget Sound R. R.. 134. 244. Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul R. R., 134. 183, 244, 337, 340, 343. Chicago. Rock Island and Pacific R. R.. 337, 339, 537. Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis and Omaha R. R., 337, 340. 537. Chicago Symphony Orchestra, 462. Chicago Theological Seminary. 288, 289. Chicago Training School for Missions. 532. Chicago World’s Fair, 62. 305. 306. 308. Chickamauga, Tenn.. 162. e 337, Norwegian People in America Chikasaw Co., Iowa. 146. Children‘s Bureau. 495. Children‘s Homes. 430. Chili. South America, 165. China. Asia, 328. 363. 378. 414. 415. 418. 426. 440. 445, 515. China Society. 414, 418. Chinese. 77. Chinese Exclusion Act, 231. Chippewa Co.. Minn.. 147. 235. Chippewa 00., Wis... 286. Chippewa Falls. Wis., 474. Chippewas, 178. C. H. Moore Iron Works. 450. Cholera. see Epidemic. Choral Union, 459. Chow. T. 11.. 413. Christ Church. Chicago, 207, 461. Christ Church. St. Paul. 507. Chrisanevicz, 92. Christensen, Andries. 71. Christensen, Anna, 462, 538. ' Christensen. Christen. 466. Christensen. C. L., 405. 537. Christensen, Eddie. 480. Christensen. E. G. A.. 184. Christensen. Hannah. see Christensen. Anna. Christensen, Louis H., 526. Christian I of Denmark, 39. 40. 59, 87. Christian IV of Denmark, 70. Christian VIII of Denmark. 31. Christian Frederick of Denmark. 81. “Christian Hymns," 453. Christiania, Norway, 130. 197. 220. 221. 255. 261. 272. 276, 343. 438, 458, 459, 461. 464. 466. 467, 468. 469. 494. See also Oslo. Christiania Orphanage, 343. Christiania University. See University of Christiania. Christianity. 22, 29, 43, 44. 45, 53. 57. 85. 88. 269. 283. 375. 413. Christian Literature Co.. 409, 411, 439. Christian Orphans‘ Home. 426. Christiansand, Norway. 196. Christian Scientists, 127. Christiansen. F. Melius, 457. 461. Christiansen. Gotlieb B., 267. Christiansen. Henrik. 87. Christiansen. 0., 457. Christianson, A. M.. 470. Christiansen. Charles. 185. Christianson, C. M.. 242. Christiansen. Mrs. C. M.. 250. Christiansen. John, 491. Christiansen. Julia. 250. Christiansen. Theodore. 363, 489. “Christian Work.” 371. Christie. H. L., 448. Christopherson, C. A., 186, 332, 491. Christy, Howard C., 92. “Church and Sunday School Hymnal." 453. “Church Designs." 446. Churches 1825-1860, 188—213. Churches 1860-1890, 254-269. Churches 1890-1925. 355-375. Church extension, 516. Churchill River, Canada, 70. Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints, 211. Church of the Lutheran Brethren, 358, 359, 361, 362-364. Church Polity, 209-210. Church Schools. 1825-1860, 215-219. Church Schools. 1860—1890. 269-287. Church Schobls, 1890-1925. 375-385. Cimbri, 28. 29. 408, 453. 454. 455.
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 191
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186 Norwegian People in America Atchison County, by Harold O. Tvedt, a Valdris, coming down from La Crosse, Wis. Brown and Doniphan Counties were peo- pled by Norwegians about 1860. In 1920 88 of the 105 counties in the state had Norwegians born in Norway. None of the set- tlements is large. The...
Show more186 Norwegian People in America Atchison County, by Harold O. Tvedt, a Valdris, coming down from La Crosse, Wis. Brown and Doniphan Counties were peo- pled by Norwegians about 1860. In 1920 88 of the 105 counties in the state had Norwegians born in Norway. None of the set- tlements is large. The immigrant Norwegians in Kansas are listed by the census as follows: 1850—n0 report; 1860—223; 1870—588; 1880— 1,358; 1890—l,786; 1900—1,477; 1910-——1,294; 1920—970. In 1859 there were no Dakotas. The territory of Dakota was created in 1861 out of Nebraska and Minnesota. In 1889 Dakota Territory was made two states—South Dakota South Dakota, 1359 and North Dakota. South Dakota is a farming state essentially, with gold and silver mining in the Black Hills in the southwest corner of the state. The seal of the state bears a river with a steamboat, and on the'right a farmer at the plow, with a herd of cattle and a field of corn. On the left stands a smelting furnace and a range of hills. The Norwegians came to South Dakota early in great numbers and have worked hard to make it a good state. Four of the nine gov- ernors have been Norwegians—A. E. Lee, C. N. Herreid, P. Norbeck, and Carl Gunderson; 3 of the lieutenant governors—— Herreid, Norbeck and Gunderson; 3 of the secretaries of state—— A. O. Ringsrud, Thomas Thorsen and O. C. Berg; 1 state audi— tor—H. B. Anderson; 2 state treasurers—George G. Johnson and G. H. Helgerson; 2 state superintendents—H. A. Ustrud and C. G. Lawrence; 1 U. S. Senator—Peter Norbeck; 2 congressmen— C. A. Christopherson and William Williamson. Clay County was the seat of the first Norwegian settlement in South Dakota, founded in 1859. South Dakota was entered from the Nebraska, not the Iowa side, by these first land seekers. Lars A. Torblaa, from Hardanger, Sjur H. Myran, from Hal— lingdal, Ole O. Gjeitli, from V055, and Elling O. Engum, from Sogn, were the first to cross over into Dakota. They came frOm Koshkonong. Torblaa has the honor of being the first Norwegian to place his feet on Dakota soil. Soon there came other delegations from the eastern settlements. Three of the Norwegian governors of South Dakota—Andrew E. Lee, Peter Norbeck, and Carl Gun— derson—have lived in this county. Norbeck was born in Clay County. According to Martin Odland, the newspaper man, born in .Clay Co., the first white child born in Dakota was a Norwegian, Ole Olson, also a Clay Co. product. In 1894 Ole Olson ran for senator against Carl Gunderson, the present governor, and defeat— ed him. Olson now lives in Oregon. 8 In 1861 Rev. Abraham Jacobson, of Decorah, Ia., accompanied a company of eight to these Dakota settlements at Vermilion, Clay Co., and the adjoining counties to the east and west, Union and Yankton. The town of Yankton was the capital city. Jacob- son was pleasingly surprised to find that he was acquainted with .e. .u v - 5‘ v :«‘~ 3,5251: «a:
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 492
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494 Norwegian People in America ‘ the United States at the Spitzbergen Conference, Christiania, 1913. He is the president of the Scandinavian Art Society of America. Another Norwegian-American diplomat is Nicolay A. Grevstad, who was United States minister to Uruguay and Para— guay, 1911-1917,...
Show more494 Norwegian People in America ‘ the United States at the Spitzbergen Conference, Christiania, 1913. He is the president of the Scandinavian Art Society of America. Another Norwegian-American diplomat is Nicolay A. Grevstad, who was United States minister to Uruguay and Para— guay, 1911-1917, with headquarters at Montevideo. He came to America as a newcomer in 1883, served on the editorial staff of the “Minneapolis Journal” and the “Minneapolis Tribune” until 1900. He edited the “Minneapolis Times,” 1900—1901, “Skandi- naven,” 1901-1911. Since his return from South America he has been a member of the Minnesota Safety Commission and of the General Publicity Service, Chicago. John Allyne Gade, New York architect and banker, was a naval attache at the U. S. Lega- tion, Copenhagen, 19174919; member of the Baltic Mission to Lithuania, Latvia and Esthonia, and represented the United States in these new states. 1919. Gabriel Bie Ravndal was editor of the “Sioux Falls Ekko” and the president of the Scandinavian Sing- . ers’ Association. Then, in 1898, he was called by Uncle Sam to take a consulship at Beirut, Syria. He staid there until 1905, then he was transferred to Dawson, Alaska. In 1906-1910 he was consul general at Beirut, and at Constantinople, Turkey, 1910- 1915. During the war he was in charge of the consular interests of England, France, Italy, Servia, Russia, Montenegro, Switzer- land. Was appointed consul general at St. Nazare, France, 1917,. at Nantes, 1918. Invited to appear before the American Peace Mission, 1919. Appointed U. S. commercial and consul general, Constantinople, 1920. Member of many Oriental societies, presi- dent of the Beirut Relief Committee. His son, Christian M. Ravndal, has been in the consular service four years, stationed at Vienna and Frankfort. He has been promoted eight times in two years. Olaf Ravndal, another son, holds high and respon- sible positions with the American Express Co., having served in New York, Athens and Constantinople. These two young men are Luther College graduates, 1920. Lars S. Reque, professor of Latin and French at Luther College for 38 years, was U. 5. general consul at Rotterdam, Holland. 1893-1897. Tames Adolph Ostrand was born in Trondhjem. Norway. in 1872. Came to Minnesota, 1892. 'Became a lawyer. Was made judge of Court of Land Registration. Philippines, 1909-1911; judge. district court, 1911—1914: chief iudge. Manila Court, 1911—1914; judge, district court, 1914-1920; chief iustice. appellate court, Santo Domingo, 1920-1921; associate justice, supreme court, P. I.. 1921—. Wm. C. Magelssen has been the U. S. consul at Melbourne. Australia; John Schroeder. at Costa Rica; Otto O. Boyesen. at Gothenburg; Robert S. ,Bergh, at Gothenburg; and B. M. Rasmussen. at Stavanger. a There are quite a number of Norwegians holding office in \Vashington, the capital city. Washington has 236,027 men and
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 229
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The Norwegian, Period 225 the side of the Union and Honest Abe. In the South the North- ern sympathizers were handled—like the Pro-Germans and the Pacifists in the recent World VVar—rough. Waerenskjold was murdered because he favored the North. Langeland and I'Iatle— stad bought up the “Nordlyset”...
Show moreThe Norwegian, Period 225 the side of the Union and Honest Abe. In the South the North- ern sympathizers were handled—like the Pro-Germans and the Pacifists in the recent World VVar—rough. Waerenskjold was murdered because he favored the North. Langeland and I'Iatle— stad bought up the “Nordlyset” in 1849 and changed the name of the paper to “Democraten,” in order, as they thought, to get more subscribers. Editor Reymert was a Democrat, but edited a Free Soil paper; Langeland was a Free Soiler, but edited a Democratic sheet. Later on. Langeland became the most ardent advocate of the Republican Party. The secular papers are nine in number, eight political and one an organ of the people from Voss. See Page 215. The first church paper appeared four years in the wake of “Nordiysct.” It was edited by Norwegian Synod pastors in sup— port of their synod and its growing work. The Religious name of the periodical was “Maanedstidende Periodicals for Den Norsk Lutherske Kirke i Amerika.” It was published in 1851—1853. It resumed publication in 1856 under the name “Kirkelig Maanedstidende" and continued under that name until 1874. when it again was rehaptized. this time being called “Evangelisk Luthersk Kirke— tidende.” 1874-1917. In 1851 O. I. Hatlestad began the publica— tion of “Den Norske Lutherske Kirketidende,” 1851—1853, as organ for the Norwegians of the Northern Illinois Synod. From 1856 to 1866 Eielsen published a paper in Chicago which bore the name “Organ,” the aim of which was to promote the cause of his synod. Fox River Church, 1841
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 354
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352 Norwegian People in America men would be on the farm; 12.7 of the women. But they are not typical in many respects. Nearly one—half of them are on the farm, and in that regard they are not typical, for only 29.8 per cent of the breadwinners of the whole country are engaged in farming. The...
Show more352 Norwegian People in America men would be on the farm; 12.7 of the women. But they are not typical in many respects. Nearly one—half of them are on the farm, and in that regard they are not typical, for only 29.8 per cent of the breadwinners of the whole country are engaged in farming. The following is an estimate of the per cent and sex of the Norwegians who work for a living. PER CENT AND SEX OF OCCUPIED NORWEGIANS, I920 Per cent Per cent No. Occupation male female 1. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry 45.0 5.8 2. Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 0.0 3. Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits .. 250 20.0 4. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.5 2.0 5. Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.0 5.0 6. Domestic and personal service . . . . . . . . . . .. 5.0 35.0 7. Clerical service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4.0 20.0 8. Professional service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3.5 12.0 9. Public service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1.0 0.2 All occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 100.0 100.0 Applying these percentages to the Norwegians in 1925, we can arrive at a fair estimate of the number of men and women of Norwegian blood engaged in gainful occupations. to wit: NUMBER AND SEX OF OCCUPIED NORWEGIANS, 1925 Men Women N0. Occupation at work at work Total 1. Agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry 351,000 11,310 362,310 2. Mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,800 . . . . 7,800 3. Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits 195,000 39,000 234,000 4. Transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,900 3,900 46,800 5. Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,000 9,750 87,750 6. Domestic and personal service . . . . . . . .. 39,000 68,250 107,250 7. Clerical service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 31,200 39,000 70,200 8. Pofessional service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 27,300 23,400 50,700 9. Public service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,800 390 8,190 All occupations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 780,000 195,000 975,000 0 The Norwegians in America in 1925 are nearly as strong numerically as the state of Minnesota. On that account it Will be profitable to compare the estimated distribution of workers among the Norwegians with the actual occupational distribution in the state of Minnesota in 1920.
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 369
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The American Period 367 DENOMINATIONS USING NORWEGIAN , _ Communicant Denominations Congregations Membership Adventist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 374 Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1,889 Brethren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 26...
Show moreThe American Period 367 DENOMINATIONS USING NORWEGIAN , _ Communicant Denominations Congregations Membership Adventist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 374 Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 1,889 Brethren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 26 Congregationalist . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 790 Disciples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , 1 58 Independent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 1,072 Methodist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 7,032 Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 36 Quaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 4 246 Salvationist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 120 Swedish Mission . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 42 Theosophical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 27 Unitarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 452 Total Non-Lutheran . . . . .. 225 12,164 Missouri Synod . . . . . . . . . . . . .. I 80 United Norwegian . . . . . . . . . . .. 1,133 180,566 Hauge Synod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 256 32,277 Eielsen Synod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25 983 Norwegian Synod . . . . . . . . . . .. 875 104,556 Lutheran Free Church . . . . . . .. 319 26,864 Lutheran Brethren . . . . . . . . . .. 16 482 Total Lutheran . . . . . . . . .. 2,625 345,808 Grand Total . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2,850 357,972 This table shows that in 1906 there Were 2,849 congregations that reported that they were working among the Norwegians. that 7.9 per cent of these congregations were non—Lutheran, and 92.1 per cent were Lutheran. It shows furthermore that these congregations were caring for 357,892 Norwegians holding com— municant membership, of which 96.6 per cent was Lutheran, 3.4 per cent was not. The communicant membership is about 60 per cent of the baptized membership. b. United States Census, 1916 In “Religious Bodies: 1916” the situation is as follows: DENOMINATIONS USING NORWEGIAN Communicant Denominations Congregations Member‘ship Adventist . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 22 863 Assembly of God . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 300 Baptist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1,799 Brethren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 20 Congregational . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 614 Independent . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . 8 422 Methodist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 6,699 Moravian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 159 Presbyterian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 12 Quaker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 92 Swedish Mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 128 Unitarian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 400 Total Non—Lutheran . . . . .. 212 11,508
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 210
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The Norwegian Period 205 Qsten Hanson, H. S. M. G. Hanson, H. S. Johan Olsen, N. C. 1887—93 1899—05, 1910-17 1872—8I 0nd president, Simon W. Harkey, 1855—1858, was mediating. The third president, Wm. M. Reynolds, foolishly opposed the theology, the practices and the languages of the Scandinavians...
Show moreThe Norwegian Period 205 Qsten Hanson, H. S. M. G. Hanson, H. S. Johan Olsen, N. C. 1887—93 1899—05, 1910-17 1872—8I 0nd president, Simon W. Harkey, 1855—1858, was mediating. The third president, Wm. M. Reynolds, foolishly opposed the theology, the practices and the languages of the Scandinavians at his school, and the results were as sudden as they were emphatic. The Scandi— navians picked up their hats and books and departed. The rupture came in 1860, the year in which Dr. Reynolds resigned his post. He joined the Episcopal Church in 1864, to get, as he said, some— thing to do. The fourth synod, organized in 1851, by C. L. Clansen, H. A. Stub and A. C. Preus, was dissolved in 1852 on account of H. A. Preus’s objection to Paragraph 2 of the constitution. This para— graph read as follows: “The doctrine of the Church is that which is revealed through God’s Holy Word in our Baptismal covenant, also in the canonical books of the Old and New Testaments.” As this paragraph, according to the constitution, could never be a1— tered, it was found necessary to dissolve the organization and to start anew. This was done. The fifth synod, usually called the Norwegian Synod, was of- ficially named the Synod for the Norwegian Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. It was organized February 3, 1853, under the direction of H. A. Preus. Six other pastors were present at the L. M. Biorn, A. M. Dr. T. H. Dali], U. C. E. E. Gynild, L. F. 188090 1902—17 1899, 1905, 1909, 1912— 14. 192$- .S‘ynodiral Prrridrnlx
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 347
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The American Period 7 345 7. OCCUPATiONs, 1890—1925 The whole earth bears impress of the law of work. It is a very busy place. The ground on which we walk, the air above and the waters beneath us, all teem with busy life. As Cole- ridge says: All nature seems at work; slugs leave their lair, The...
Show moreThe American Period 7 345 7. OCCUPATiONs, 1890—1925 The whole earth bears impress of the law of work. It is a very busy place. The ground on which we walk, the air above and the waters beneath us, all teem with busy life. As Cole- ridge says: All nature seems at work; slugs leave their lair, The bees are stirring—birds are on the wing, And Winter, slumbering in the open air, Wears on his smiling face the dream of Spring. The Norwegians who came to America and their descendants have been workers. They came here to work; they teach their children the dignity of labor in any honest calling. They enjoy their work. Most of them settled on the farm; and though one- half of them still live on the farm they are not like Markham’s “Man with the Hoe”: Bowed with the weight of centuries he leans Upon his hoe and gazes upon the ground; The emptiness of ages in his face, And on his back the burden of the world. Who made him dead to rapture and despair, A thing that grieves not and that never hopes, Stolid and stunned, a brother to the ox? Not so the Norwegian. He came here as a free man, sprung from a free race that has never known bondage, the most inde— pendent and individualistic people that history knows about. He came here because this was a free country after his own heart and because he would have the privilege of carving a home and an empire out of the wilderness. His heart was full of sadness at parting with beloved land and people across the sea, but it was filled with gladness that he had a great work to do here and that God was near him with His blessing. So he rejoiced at his task, like Mackey’s “Miller of the Dee”: There dwelt a miller hale and bold Beside the River Dee; He worked and sang from morn till night, No lark more blithe than he; And this the burden of his song Forever used to be— ”I envy nobody; no, not I, And nobody envies me.” The question of occupation is a very important one, and state and national government officials, social workers and students of domestic economy, are making one investigation in this field after another. A few of these will be briefly summarized.
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 076
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72 Norwegian People in America “History of Norwegian Immigration to the United States” is this: A Norwegian sailor, Captain Iverson, settled in Georgia some time about the close of the 18th century. United States Senator Alfred Iverson from Georgia was a grandson of this sailor pio— neer. In June...
Show more72 Norwegian People in America “History of Norwegian Immigration to the United States” is this: A Norwegian sailor, Captain Iverson, settled in Georgia some time about the close of the 18th century. United States Senator Alfred Iverson from Georgia was a grandson of this sailor pio— neer. In June, 1808, Frank Peterson, a NorWegian enlisted in the United States Army. He was stationed at Fort Dearborn, 111., and fell in 1812 in an attack by 500 Pottawattomie Indians. He was one of the “first martyrs of the West.” J. O. Evjen’s book, “Scandinavian Immigrants in New York, 1630-1674,” gives biographies of thirty—four Swedes, ninety-seven Danes and fifty—seven Norwegians who lived in New York during v that period. Among the Norwegians listed is Anneken Hendricks, the first wife of Jan Arentzen Vander Bilt, the ancestor of the Vanderbilts. He married her in New Amsterdam, Feb. 6, 1650. She came from Bergen, Norway; he was from Utrecht, Holland. They had three children. Concerning the Norwegians in America during the Colonial days Jahr cites the words of Linne: “Ea quae scimus, sunt pars minima eorum, quae ignoramus (The things that we know are only a very small part of what we do not know). Jahr’s own com— ment is strikingly true: “Om de allerfleste har Saga glemt hvad hun visste” (Concerning most of them Saga has forgotten what she knew). Halvdan Koht estimates that over one-fourth of the immigration to the Dutch colony at New Amsterdam con— sisted of Norwegians. Rev. Justus Falckner, the first Lutheran minister to be ordained in America, kept a church record, still in existence, which contains an occasional Norwegian name. For example: On October 12, 1707, he married Peter Johansen, born at Bergen, Norway; on October 10, 1708, he baptized Johannes Norman; on April 18, 1710, he baptized Catharina Noorman, etc. 3. THE MODERN PERIOD The Norwegian immigration to America during the last cen— tury can best be understood as a part of a world movement. Such migratory movements occur now and then in the course of the centuries, the chief cause being land-hunger. Since the Confusion of Tongues at Babel and the first disper— sion of families in consequence thereof, the world has beheld many a migration of the races, here and there, back Norwegian Immigra- and forth, from one land to another. Witness, tion PM of a for example, the Patriarch Abraham and his Worléffibvemem household setting out for the Promised Land, and the Children of Israel, several millions strong, under Moses making an exodus out of Egypt. Or, take the pressing of the Huns into Europe in the 4th century of our era, and the invasions of the restless Teutonic tribes in the 5th
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 363
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The American Period 361 nual reports, etc. The editor mailed out 50,700 letters of inquiry in compiling the material. A number of the older congregations have celebrated their 25th, 50th, 60th, 75th, or 80th anniversary, and some of them have published souvenirs in honor of the event. A list of...
Show moreThe American Period 361 nual reports, etc. The editor mailed out 50,700 letters of inquiry in compiling the material. A number of the older congregations have celebrated their 25th, 50th, 60th, 75th, or 80th anniversary, and some of them have published souvenirs in honor of the event. A list of representative souvenirs is printed in the Appendix. Four new Norwegian Lutheran synods came into being during this period—The Lutheran Free Church, The Lutheran Brethren, The Norwegian Lutheran Church of America, synods, 1890-1925 and The Norwegian Synod of the American Evangelical Lutheran Church. The Joint Norwegian Synod—United Church Union Committee (Standing, from left to right: I. E. Jorgensen, P. Tangjerd, R. Malmin, O. G. U. Siljan, I. D. YIvisaker, S. Gunderson, N. N. Boe, G. T. Lee, G. Rasmussen, M. H. Hegge, J. Nordby_ H. Engh. Siljan host, not a member). a. The Lutheran Free Church From 1893 to 1897 this body was known as the Friends of Augsburg. Augsburg Seminary, founded in 1869, became the seminary of the Conference, 1870-1890. and of the United Nor— wegian Church in the 1890 merger. Now there was, as related before, within the Conference two factions, not disagreeing on points of doctrine, but rather as to the aims in the educatiOn 0f the ministry and the anatomy of the local congregation. The controversy was carried into the United Church, in the effort of the United Church to obtain control of Augsburg Seminary. The controversy finally resulted in the expulsiOn in 1893 of a number
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 021
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The Norwegians l7 ests, and 4 per cent is occupied by marshland and lakes. Hence, only 10 per cent of the land is habitable; only 3 per cent is arable; only 1 per cent is tilled. It might seem that nothing would grow and nobody would care to live in a land so far north. But such is not the case....
Show moreThe Norwegians l7 ests, and 4 per cent is occupied by marshland and lakes. Hence, only 10 per cent of the land is habitable; only 3 per cent is arable; only 1 per cent is tilled. It might seem that nothing would grow and nobody would care to live in a land so far north. But such is not the case. The climate, indeed, is bracing, but not impossi— Climate ble. In the same latitude in which Franklin, the explorer, lost his life in the Arctic regions of America, and in which lies the inhospitable plains of frozen Siberia, the waters of the fjords of Norway never freeze except at their upper ends. “One would expect,” says John L. Stoddard, “the climate of Norway to be that of Greenland; but Nature saves it, as a habitation for the race, by sending thither—the mysterious Gulf Stream, which crosses the Atlantic for 5,000 miles, and, although far spent on that distant shore, fulfills its mission, transforming, by its warm breath, an otherwise barren region to a fertile land.” The mean temperature of Norway, therefore, is somewhat like that of the northern half of the United States and the southern provinces of Canada, and the vegetation Vegetation of Norway is rich for so northern a region. The Norway pine, cited by Milton in his “Paradise Lost,” is the most common forest tree. Oaks, birches, clms, beeches, and other trees also abound in places. The apple tree, the plum and the cherry occur far north of Trondhjem, while currants, marsh berries, gooseberries and strawberries thrive as far north as the North Cape. Wheat, rye, barley, oats and potatoes are successfully cultivated in the lower valleys. It is a cur— ious fact that barley takes the same time (90 days) to ripen at Al- ten (700 N. Lat.) as at Oslo (60°) and in southern France (45°). The reason for this is, that the summer days are so much longer farther north. At Alten the sun does not set at all during the summer months. Norway is the Land of the Midnight Sun. Although only 3 per cent of the land can at present be cul— tivated, farmingr is, nevertheless, the chief occupation of the people, nearly one-half of the population (48.65 per Other Resources cent) being dependent upon agriculture for their support. The land is rich also in other resources. There are rich mineral deposits in the mountains and unlimited power in the many mountain streams and water— falls. God has richly provided the land with the necessities of life. He never forgets anything. He remembers the lilies of the field and notes the sparrow’s fall. He has given the Norwegians houses and homes, food and fuel aplenty. The forests furnish timber
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 230
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224 Norwegian People in America Haldor Hanson, specialist in old books, thinks that this monu- mental work printed for a small band of impoverished newcomers, must show the great faith which these publishers had in their Lutheran religion and their Norwegian countrymen. The Norwegians waited 23...
Show more224 Norwegian People in America Haldor Hanson, specialist in old books, thinks that this monu- mental work printed for a small band of impoverished newcomers, must show the great faith which these publishers had in their Lutheran religion and their Norwegian countrymen. The Norwegians waited 23 years before they attempted to publish a Norwegian newspaper. Their first venture was called “Nordlyset” (Northern Lights), 1847-1849, Secular Periodicals and was published in Heg’s log barn at Muskego, with J. D. Reymert as editor. A full set of this rare paper is now on file at the Wisconsin Historical Library, and partial sets are in safekeeping at the Koren Library, Luther College. and the Luther Theological Seminary, St. Paul. It was a political newspaper. It favored the Free Soil Party, the forerunner of the Republican Party. The first issue Elling Eielsen's Home, Jefferson Prairie, Wis. bears the announcement that the price is $2.00 a year, or 6 cents a copy. The opening editorial states the aim of the paper to be to enlighten those of the Norwegian nationality who cannot read English, by giving news of general interest, and particularly news of interest to Norwegians. An editorial is written in praise of Jorgen Pedersen, a Norwegian of Chicago, who under the name of George Pilson had enlisted in the Mexican War which was then raging, and who had met his death at the Battle of Buena Vista. An American flag appears at the head of the column. A portion of the Declaration of Independence is printefiirin Nor— wegian version. There is, furthermore, considerable war news, market news, local news and advertisements. There is also a sample of church controversy to give the paper its proper pep. In the following list of papers it will be noted several of the papers were Democratic in politics. When the Republican Party was formed, and war was imminent, the Norwegian editors and the Norwegian settlers everywhere in the North were found on
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History of the Norwegian People in America, Page 326
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324 Norwegian People in America CL. ml Onehod ba. $129979th In staff .Imisr 533%: . aft" R t D o E E R .Ma‘rkervilh 45¢ La l’eVicw. Eagk um. “:20 W" ' owliuun . Tr. .Linioa. Hang W‘g‘ on." Br 5:!“ O 0.3"“ 6 50”", Sunmfiak . .8155?“ . gfiurv'flk Hm,th MEDICINE HAT ul'nllown d 54"“?! Chasm ‘In vi“ "In...
Show more324 Norwegian People in America CL. ml Onehod ba. $129979th In staff .Imisr 533%: . aft" R t D o E E R .Ma‘rkervilh 45¢ La l’eVicw. Eagk um. “:20 W" ' owliuun . Tr. .Linioa. Hang W‘g‘ on." Br 5:!“ O 0.3"“ 6 50”", Sunmfiak . .8155?“ . gfiurv'flk Hm,th MEDICINE HAT ul'nllown d 54"“?! Chasm ‘In vi“ "In! Gary: C“ in“ o ; Stanly . 3% (ouvllk L r I ,C'. V“ 0 ‘1'?“ a ' “‘6 I’édmuud W Clanmoln . Bun .5undml _ t "VI"! .2 “n "m I in. U cm»! 0 . .OSannPnaons 4—- - " Lh alum d *3 Chin "as", .Tfighpfll : . *- Cau « .GIe'an-My d Anon-ado m (9 . “h mansion. P‘gd‘v’" d om Norwegian Lutheran Congregations in Alberta, 1915 The Norwegian Lutherans in the period 1903—1916 established 224 congregations and 98 preaching stations in Saskatchewan, the work of the home missions. Many faithful men of the type of W essel, N jaa and the other pastors alluded to above, have along- side of their farmer friends up there been “sowing in the morn- ing, sowing seeds of kindness, sowing in the noontide, and the dewy eve.” The Norwegian Lutherans erected Outlook College in 1916. Hjalmar O. Grylnlid, A.B., C.T., was the first president. He joined the colors during the War, serving as chaplain with the rank of captain. He is now located at Trinity Church, Brook— lyn, N. Y. as Rev. Sven O. Sigmond’s first assistant.
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